Galileo’s TOES Certificate Coordinator:

Introduction

The Galilean Moons of Jupiter, Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto, are aligned so well with the Earth that we are treated to events between Jupiter and the moons.  These events come in four varieties:

1. Transits:  This is when one of the moons actually moves across the face of Jupiter.
2. Occultations:  This is when one of the moons moves behind Jupiter from our line of sight.
3. Eclipses:  This is when one of the moons moves into the shadow of Jupiter.
4. Shadow Transits:  This is when the shadow of one of the moons moves across the face of Jupiter.

Each of these events has a start and a finish:

1. Ingress:  When the event begins.
2. Egress:  When the event ends.

Note:  All of the events do not occur during every cycle of Jupiter.

You should document the event by logging this information for each event:

• Moon name
• Event type (transit, occultation, eclipse, or shadow transit)
• Ingress or Egress
• Date (either Local or Universal Time)
• Time (use the same: Local or Universal Time)
• Latitude and Longitude of the Observation
• Equipment used
• Filters used (if used)
• Magnification
• Seeing and Transparency

Submitting for Certification

This program has a certificate (only) for those who successfully complete all of the observations. Once you have made the necessary observations, either send a copy of your log to the Galileo’s TOES Award Coordinator or have it reviewed and approved by an officer of your local club. That officer should then send an email to the Galileo’s TOES Award Coordinator with the observer’s name, club, e-mail address, and mail address. Also, send the name and email address of the person to which the certificate should be sent.